{"id":1777,"date":"2014-11-06T12:47:23","date_gmt":"2014-11-06T11:47:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/meier-online.com\/?p=1777"},"modified":"2015-04-18T12:47:20","modified_gmt":"2015-04-18T11:47:20","slug":"smart-city-definitions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/meier-online.com\/en\/2014\/11\/smart-city-definitions\/","title":{"rendered":"Smart City \u2013 one term, many concepts"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The term \u201csmart city\u201d is en vogue. Every city that is proud of itself would like to be like a city smart. But most citizen con not connect a clear idea with this term. Sure, there are definitions of the term. Just for new terms it is crucially how they are used.<\/p>\n<p>Where there is something new, and where is somebody just trying to sell really simple apps or other services? What are the subjects where something is happening? I have analysed documents by various actors to create more clarity.<\/p>\n<h3>EU level<\/h3>\n<p>The European Commission has created a multi-stakeholder platform, connected to the &#8216;digital agenda&#8217;: <a title=\"Smart City stakeholder platform\" href=\"http:\/\/eu-smartcities.eu\" target=\"_blank\">eu-smartcities.eu<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1795\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1795\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/digital-agenda\/sites\/digital-agenda\/files\/smarter_cities_infographics_a4_october_2014_v2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1795\" src=\"http:\/\/meier-online.com\/blog\/uploads\/smarter_cities_infographics_300.png\" alt=\"Smart City Infografik\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1795\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A infographic published by the EU shows problems, actors and tasks of the Smart City Innovation Partnership<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>On this platform, there are three thematic working groups:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Energy efficiency and building<\/li>\n<li>Power distribution networks<\/li>\n<li>Mobility and transport<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There are also some cross topic groups, dealing with IT or financing, but this was all the topics that were connected to &#8220;smart city&#8221;. Recently there was added a topic with a broader view called &#8220;citizen focus&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h3>Berlin<\/h3>\n<p>The senate of Berlin has established a working group <em>Smart City Berlin<\/em> (SCB). In a position paper this working group defines smart city as <em>&#8220;Cities and regions which have set itself the task to identify future issues of the city and then to solve these issues&#8221;<\/em>. So identifying the problems is a separate step. Different cities have different objectives.<\/p>\n<p>These self given objectives should than be addressed by the interaction of various actors (politics, administration, economy, society, science)<\/p>\n<p>The Smart City working group claimed a holistic approach and chose as objectives the creation of a higher quality of life, as well as strengthening of innovation (i.e. meta-innovation).<\/p>\n<p>As a slightly more specific topics, the position paper names again environmental, energy and mobility, and in addition health, security and demographic change.<\/p>\n<h3>Hamburg<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1783\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1783\" style=\"width: 480px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1783\" src=\"http:\/\/meier-online.com\/blog\/uploads\/hamburg_containerschiff_oocl_2012_480.jpg\" alt=\"Container vessel in the port of Hamburger\" width=\"480\" height=\"269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meier-online.com\/blog\/uploads\/hamburg_containerschiff_oocl_2012_480.jpg 480w, https:\/\/meier-online.com\/blog\/uploads\/hamburg_containerschiff_oocl_2012_480-300x168.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1783\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Container loading at the port. For several years there are autonomous vehicle for container transport. In future, the feeder traffic will be further cross-linked.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Smart City is apparently occupied by the authority of &#8220;Economics, transport and innovation&#8221; in Hamburg. On the Hamburg web page smart city is defined as &#8220;<em>intelligent and networked city<\/em>&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Objectives are<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improve quality of life<\/li>\n<li>Efficient mobility,<\/li>\n<li>Environment (use less resources, less pollution)<\/li>\n<li>Utilise the benefits of &#8220;innovative infrastructure&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>I can recognize these fields of work:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The port (smart port). Here sensor networks will probably be employed.<\/li>\n<li>Street lighting and traffic lights<\/li>\n<li>Detection and control of traffic flows<\/li>\n<li>Citizen kiosk (a kind of container with video connection to other authorities)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Although &#8220;quality of life&#8221; was the first item in the list of objectives, smart city seem to be driven by the economy (more precise: individual economic actors). Especially highlighted is a partnership with the American network equipment manufacturer Cisco.<\/p>\n<p>Amazingly, not mentioned at all is everything that happened for the <a title=\"IBA Hamburg project page\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iba-hamburg.de\/en\/iba-in-english.html\" target=\"_blank\">international building exhibition<\/a> (IBA) from 2006-2013. After all, the IBA has defined itself also as a city laboratory: <em>&#8220;in the middle of Hamburg IBA sought answers to the most pressing questions of the modern city of projects for the future of the metropolis.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>Paris \/ San Francisco<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1789\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1789\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1789\" src=\"http:\/\/meier-online.com\/blog\/uploads\/paris_pompidou_outside_600x400.jpg\" alt=\"Centre Pompidou in Paris\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meier-online.com\/blog\/uploads\/paris_pompidou_outside_600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/meier-online.com\/blog\/uploads\/paris_pompidou_outside_600x400-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1789\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Centre Pompidou: a bold architectural concept. The square in front of it is used as a meeting place.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Here I have found a nice <a title=\"smart city article in Atelier\" href=\"http:\/\/www.atelier.net\/en\/trends\/articles\/smart-cities-paris-and-san-francisco-have-lot-learn-each-other_421158\" target=\"_blank\">summary by Marie-Perrine Durot<\/a>, Technology Partnership Director\u00a0 the&#8221;PRIME transatlantic innovation platform&#8221;. (Interview published in &#8220;Atelier&#8221;, Publisher: BNP-PARIBAS). Mrs Durot designs the following program under the term smart city:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">&#8230;first and foremost all about getting sectors which have up to now been working independently to dialogue and work together &#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">&#8230;A second revolution is needed to de-compartmentalize the roles of decision-makers, experts and citizens in the way our cities are run&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">&#8230;\u00a0A third move is for cities to break out of their geographical isolation. Cities have so much to share&#8230;<\/p>\n<h3>Part 2<\/h3>\n<p>The second part of this analysis discusses the use of the term <a title=\"Smart City, die IT-Sicht\" href=\"http:\/\/meier-online.com\/en\/2014\/11\/smart-city-it\/\">smart city in the IT scene<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sorry, this entry is only available in Deutsch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[142],"tags":[218,229,220],"class_list":["post-1777","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-it-scene","tag-innovation","tag-smart-city","tag-ux","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/meier-online.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1777"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/meier-online.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/meier-online.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meier-online.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meier-online.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1777"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/meier-online.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1777\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2096,"href":"https:\/\/meier-online.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1777\/revisions\/2096"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/meier-online.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1777"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meier-online.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1777"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meier-online.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1777"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}